common name: lovebug
scientific name: Plecia nearctica Hardy (Insecta: Diptera: Bibionidae)
Introduction
Plecia nearctica is the lovebug that motorists frequently encounter as a serious nuisance when traveling in southern states. It was first described by Hardy (1940) from Galveston, Texas, and at that time he reported it to be widely spread, but more common in Texas and Louisiana than other Gulf Coast states. It has now progressed to all states bordering on the Gulf of Mexico, as well as Georgia, South Carolina, and parts of Central America. Hetrick (1970a) studied the biology of P. nearctica, and estimated that flights reached altitudes of 300 to 450 meters, extended several kilometers over the Gulf of Mexico and covered one-fourth the land area of Florida. Today it is found throughout Florida. It has been erroneously reported that the lovebug was introduced into Florida by University of Florida entomologists. Buschman (1976) documented the progressive movement of the lovebug around the Gulf Coast into Florida. Research was conducted by the University of Florida and U.S. Department of Agriculture entomologists after the lovebug was well established in Florida. It was first collected in Florida during 1949, in Escambia County, the western-most county of the panhandle.
Thompson (1975) reported over 200 species in the genus Plecia. There are only two species of Plecia in the U.S.A., P. nearctica and P. americana Hardy. Their ranges are similar, but americana extends northeastward to North Carolina and south to Mexico, whereas nearctica ranges farther south to Costa Rica. P. americana is a woodland species that does not seem to be a problem on highways. Each of two generations of P. nearctica lasts about four weeks in May and September. In addition to large emergences in May and September, it has been collected in Florida every month of the year except November (Buschman 1976). Buschman stated that throughout its extensive range, P. americana has been collected only in April, May, and June, with no evidence of a fall emergence. Thus, lovebugs that emerge in the fall are P. nearctica. He added that most of the spring collection dates of P. americana in north central Florida are two or three weeks earlier than similar dates for P. nearctica.
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Economic Importance
P. nearctica is beneficial in the larval stages in helping recycle organic matter. The adult flies are a nuisance to motorists because the flies are attracted to highways and spatter on the hood and windshield of automobiles. Large number of lovebugs can cause overheating of liquid-cooled engines, reduce visibility, and etch automobile paint. The body fluids are slightly acid; however, if the egg mass (average about 350 per female; Hetrick 1970a) and body parts are allowed to remain on the car for several days, bacterial action increases the acidity and etches the paint. A soaking with water for about five minutes followed by a scrubbing within 15 to 20 minutes should remove most of the lovebugs without harm to automobile paint. A hood air deflector or screen will reduce the number of spattered lovebugs on an automobile.