Oil viscosity needs to match the engine's clearances and use.
If I have a tight engine with .0008" bearing clearances, such as many nissan/toyota engines come OEM, I will need to use an 5W-30 or 10w-30 oil (as temperature goes up in our climate, we use thicker oil also, according to the FSM)
If I am building a new engine, and it has large clearances for racing and high rpm and minimal drag... the engine will not last as long as a tight OEM engine, and, it will use a thicker oil all the time, such as 20W-50.
As someone mentioned "ZDDP" there is some addition to oil I believe all oils contain, however, oils intended for regular passenger vehicles (like typical off the shelf oils such as mobil-1 for car engines) will have much less of this "ZDDP" which is an additive intended to protect your bearings (and other metal contact locations like tappets) and the reason they put LESS of it in "normal car oils" is because it will damage modern catalytic converters.
So if I were in your shoes, I Would find an oil that A: Has as much "ZDDP" in it as possible (if you have no cat), and B: Meets the viscosity necessary for my bearing clearances.
I would then take one more step and use an oil pressure gauge to verify that I am at least in the right ballpark (great oil pressure when the engine is full hot, with 220*F Oil, at idle, is a good sign)
Keep in mind that the oil pressure you see on the gauge does not reflect the flow of oil in the engine. You can see 65psi on the gauge, but if you are using a very thick oil (like 15W-40) in a tight engine like we just discussed, oil may be at a trickle by the time it hits the top of the engine.